Reasons for United States Possible Attack on Iran Essay Example for Free

Reasons for United States Possible Attack on Iran Essay The topic on the possibility of United States launching a military attack against Iran has dominated much news for several years since the Bush administration and during which some quarters speculated that such an attack would be ordered before the administration left office. As early as 2005, a number of articles had started revealing the imminent plans by Pentagon to order military operations against Iran. While people and the media may speculate and give their opinions about many aspects of the imminent war, the most important issue to understand is the reasons which may spark the attack. It is therefore the objective of this paper to discuss the reasons why US would engage in a military land war with Iran. 2. 0 The Euro-Based Oil Bourse This is one of the major reasons which revolve around the plan by Tehran government in 2005 and 2006 to start competing with the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the largest physical commodity futures exchange in the world based in New York and the London based International Petroleum Exchange (IPE) by using the euro-dominated oil trading mechanism (Clark, 2004). The logic behind this is that by using this mechanism in international oil trades, the euro is going to take dominance and establish a firm ground which will serve to overshadow the strength of the U. S dollar in the global oil market. The U. S government therefore considers this a real threat by Tehran government which warrants intervention to protect the dollar from being toppled off from its long term monopoly in the critical international oil market. It is worth noting that lack of an oil pricing standard that is euro-dominated also referred to oil â€Å"marker† in the oil trading industry is one of the technical challenges facing the euro-based trading system in oil transactions. The oil markers currently in operation today are the U. S dollar dominated which include Norway Brent crude, West Texas Intermediate crude, and the UAE Dubai crude. In the spring of 2003, Iran laid down a requirement that all the transactions for its Asian and European oil exports be conducted using the euro currency though the pricing of oil was still predominantly controlled by the dollar. Following an official announcement in 2004 that Iran had intentions to develop an Iranian oil Bourse, it raised the concerns that a stiff competition would ensue between the Iranian oil bourse and the U. S owned NYME and the IPE (Clark, 2004). The macroeconomic implications of such a development would cause a shift in the international commerce in both Middle East and the European Union which is the largest importer of oil from OPEC producers. Consequently, the financial hegemony enjoyed by the IPE and NYMEX would be greatly challenged and thus the U. S is likely to avoid this through military action. 3. 0 The Ambitious Nuclear Program of Iran The Tehran’s nuclear ambition is another possible reason as to why the U. S may launch a land military attack on Iran. This has been seen from the latest series of sanctions on Iran by the Obama administration which mainly targets the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps which is the most powerful social, political and economic institution in Iran. The organization also has a large number of companies and banks and therefore makes it an appropriate target for these sanctions (LANDLER COOPER, 2010). However, the critical thing to focus on with regard to this issue is whether these sanctions have the capacity to compel Iran to halt its nuclear program. If the history of political and economic sanctions against countries is anything to go by, then Iran may not change its course despite the sanctions and this may lead to war. The reason for the sanctions is to â€Å"contain† Tehran which depicts a link which leads from diplomatic pressure to military action (Nadal, 2010). Tehran views this threat as real considering that its two neighbors to the west and to the east have a large number of U. S troops. 4. 0 Conclusion A possible military action on Iran by the US cannot be overlooked since the reasons surrounding this possibility would also have major effects on the economy and the security of the US. Considering the economic problems facing the US, the attempts by Iran to establish the euro-based oil bourse may seem as an attempt to suppress the dollar in the international oil market. The nuclear program also would threaten the security not only of the US but also of the world if it is not either regulated or completely halted. To aver the nuclear weapons development, Washington ought to try and alter the perceptions of threat harbored by Iran against America. References Clark, W. (2004). The Real Reasons Why Iran is the Next Target: The Emerging Euro-denominated International Oil Marker. Retrieved August 20, 2010, from http://www. globalresearch. ca/articles/CLA410A. html LANDLER, M. , COOPER, H. (2010). U. S. Eyes New Sanctions Over Iran Nuclear Program. Retrieved August 20, 2010, from http://www. nytimes. com/2010/02/10/world/middleeast/10sanctions. html? _r=1 Nadal, A. (2010). Sanctions against Iran and the Next War. Retrieved August 20, 2010, from http://www. campaigniran. org/casmii/index. php? q=node/10518

Will lowering the drinking age solve the problem of binge drinking amon

Alcohol; it’s something Americans enjoy, whether it is at a party, before meals, during the football game, with our buddies, so on and so forth. Alcohol has been a part of human civilization for hundreds of thousands of years and is linked but not limited to, pleasure, and sociability in many people’s minds. Up until 1984 the legal age for people to drink was eighteen, that age was then raised up to twenty-one in order to reduce the death rate of many teenagers who were dying because of alcohol related problems. Today, many people believe that lowering the drinking age back down to eighteen would reduce and or solve the problem of binge drinking among college students. A simple answer can be conjured up, no. What many people don’t realize is that alcohol, (if started at a younger age) cause’s more severe problems to health as they mature; an eighteen year old isn’t anywhere near as mature and developed as someone who is twenty-one or older, and we need to focus on the certain type of kids who are binge drinking and fix those individuals. In a class I am taking this quarter called Lifespan psychology, we are currently learning about the negative effects alcohol has on adolescence. When drinking is started at a younger age the body becomes more dependent on the substances you put it in because if it is frequently used, your body is growing and maturing but with these substances present. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, â€Å"the younger a person is when he or she starts drinking, the greater his or her chance is of becoming addicted to alcohol at some point in life. Hangovers from drinking and sudden withdrawal from alcohol typically produce a general state of unhappiness, with elements of anxiety ... .... Glasses, Joanne. "Alcohol and Those Under Twenty-One Don't Mix." Kirszner and Mandell 374-75. Print. Herman, Andrew. "Raise the Drinking Age to Twenty-Five." Kirszner and Mandell 376-77. Print. Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephan R. Mandell. Practical Argument: a Text and Anthology. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins, 2011. Print. NIAAA. National Institutes of Health, 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 22 May 2011. Sanghavi, Darshak, ed. Slate. The Slate Group, 28 Aug. 2008. Web. 13 May 2011. Schorn, Daniel, ed. The Debate On Lowering The Drinking Age. CBSnews, 22 Feb. 2009. Web. 13 May 2011. Scrivo, Karen Lee. "Drinking On Campus." CQ Researcher (1998): 241-64. Web. 2 May 2011. Solomon, King. "Proverbs." NIV Holy Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 2001. 359-60. Print. Voas, Robert. "There's No Benefit to Lowering the Drinking Age." Kirszner and Mandell 380-81. Print.

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Cardiac Arrest Patients

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Cardiac Arrest Jaime Bromley Jefferson College of Health Sciences Hypothermia is a decrease in the core temperature below 35 degrees Celsius or 95 degrees Fahrenheit. There are various medical uses for hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia is the only proven effective treatment for post cardiac arrest patients. Hypothermia decreases the amount of cerebral oxygen needed and also lessens the inflammatory response post cardiac arrest. This prevents brain damage and death in patients.There were two major studies done on this topic. One in Europe and one in Australia; they showed very positive outcomes for the patients who were treated with therapeutic hypothermia. More of the patients who received the hypothermic treatment survived compared to those who did not; also patients treated with hypothermia had less brain damage upon hospital discharge. Sudden cardiac arrest is a major health concern in the United States; there are more than 400,000 incidents annually (AHA, 2011).Only five to thirty percent of patients survive hospitalization and make it to hospital discharge (AHA, 2011). Doctors are now discovering the highly effective treatment of doctor induced hypothermia for cardiac arrest patients. Hypothermia is defined as a decrease in the core body temperature below 35 degrees Celsius or 95 degrees Fahrenheit (Ward, 2011). It is then characterized by whether it occurred accidentally or if it was induced purposefully. There are multiple uses for medically induced hypothermia.Doctor induced hypothermia is the most effective therapeutic treatment for out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest patients suffer from ischemic brain injury leading to poor neurologic outcomes and death. Doctors will begin to cool patients as soon as recirculation begins. Therapeutic hypothermia works by decreasing the cerebral oxygen consumption. During cardiac arrest circulation does not occur, therefor the vital organs are not adequately perfused. W hen resuscitation happens circulation resumes and reperfusion occurs.Reperfusion is associates with free radical formation (AHA, 2011). Mild hypothermia blocks intracellular effects from high calcium concentrations and lessens the inflammatory response after cardiac arrest (Ward, 2011). In 2002 the results of two randomized trials were published that compared mild hypothermia with normothermia in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. One study was done in five European countries; the other was conducted in four hospitals in Australia (University of Chicago, 2008).In the European study the patients were cooled to the target range of 32 to 34 degrees Celsius (University of Chicago, 2008). They were kept at that temperature for 24 hours, and then passive warming would begin (University of Chicago, 2008). Six months after cardiac arrest 75 of the 137 hypothermic patients had positive results; and were able to live independently and able to work (University of Chicago, 20 08). Whereas with the normothermia patients only 54 of the 137 patients survived six months after their cardiac arrest (University of Chicago, 2008).With the Australian study the patients were cooled to 33 degrees Celsius, kept at that temperature for 18 then active rewarming would begin (University of Chicago, 2008). The results of the Australian study, 21 of the 43 patients treated with hypothermia had good neurological function at discharge compared to nine of 34 patients who were normothermic post cardiac arrest (University of Chicago, 2008). There are various techniques used to cool patients; currently there is not one technique that stands out over the rest in ease of use and high efficiency.Before the cooling procedure can begin the patient is given a sedative and a neuromuscular blocker to prevent shivering. There are multiple external techniques such as cooling blankets, ice packs, wet towels, and a cooling helmet; however all of these are slow to cool core temperature (Uni versity of Chicago, 2008). An intravascular heat exchange device has recently become available; this machine enables rapid cooling and precise temperature control (University of Chicago, 2008).During the whole cooling and rewarming process the patient is closely monitored and their temperature is taken regularly. Not every person who has sudden cardiac arrest is able to receive hypothermic therapy. There are multiple restrictions, and each hospital has its own protocol to follow. Some of the common exclusions are pregnancy, core temperature of less than 30 degrees Celsius post arrest, and known clotting disorders (AHA, 2011).In order to receive hypothermic treatment the patient must be at least 18 years of age, female patients must have a documented negative pregnancy test, cardiac arrest with return of spontaneous circulation, and the blood pressure can be maintained at 90mmHg (AHA, 2011). With the use of therapeutic hypothermia treatment many people have been given a second chance at life. Doctors and scientists are making great strides in refining the technique needed to successfully treat patients with hypothermic therapy. Ward, J. 2011). Therapeutic hypothermia for victims of cardiopulmonary arrest. AARC Times. 35 (10), 36-46. American Heart Association. (2011). Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Retrieved April 15, 2011 from http://circ. ahajournals. org/content/108/1/118. full#sec-9 University of Chicago CPR committee. (2008). Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Retrieved April 14, 2011 from http://www. med. upenn. edu/resuscitation/hypothermia/documents/Hypothermia%20Protocol%20Univ%20of%20Chicago%202008. pdf

Walt Disney Company Corporate Profile - 3357 Words

Corporate Profile: The Walt Disney Company Chelsea Blackwell University of Evansville September 10, 2012 Like many entertainers, Walt Disney arrived in California with nothing more than talent and a dream. While still in Kansas City, Disney created a cartoon entitled Alice’s Wonderland. It did not take much time at all for Disney to successfully sell his series, â€Å"The Alice Comedies,† to M.J. Winkler, a distributor from New York. October 16, 1923 was the official start date of Disney’s company, originally titled Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio (â€Å"A history of the Walt Disney company†). Disney co-founded the company with his brother, Roy, who took care of the financial aspects of running a business (A., 2002). Walt and Roy†¦show more content†¦Disney’s mission statement is as follows: â€Å"The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one to the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using our portfolio of brands to differentiate our content, services, and consumer pr oducts, we seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world† (â€Å"Fortune 500 company mission statements†). Using the criteria listed above, this is a solid mission statement. The first sentence gives a concise description of the services and products that the company hopes to provide: entertainment. The second sentence gives insight to the company’s philosophy: to use their vast resources to provide the most creative and innovative outlets of entertainment. The only element lacking from the mission is the targeted market. However, the company now has a large variety of products and services to offer. So, if the company were to amend their mission statement to include a target market, they would simply need to state that they wish to provide creative and innovative products and services for every person. 2. Vision Statement A vision statement is also an important aspect to a business because it tells the audience what the company aspires to be (Bovà ©e amp; Thill,Show MoreRelatedInnovate the Pixar Way1279 Words   |  6 PagesINNOVATE THE PIXAR WAY by Bill Capodagli and Lynn Jackson Company Profile Founded: 1979 as Graphics Group, but 1986 as Pixar Founders: Ed Catmull and Alvy Ray Smith Headquarter: Emeryville, California, U.S.A. Products: feature films, short-films, animations, commercials, softwares Key people: †¢ Ed Catmull, President,Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar Animation Studios †¢ John Lasseter, Chief Creative Officer, Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar Animation Studios †¢ Steve Jobs, former CEO ofRead MoreInnovate the Pixar Way1285 Words   |  6 PagesINNOVATE THE PIXAR WAY by Bill Capodagli and Lynn Jackson Company Profile Founded: 1979 as Graphics Group, but 1986 as Pixar Founders: Ed Catmull and Alvy Ray Smith Headquarter: Emeryville, California, U.S.A. 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The Current State Of The Government - 856 Words

In the current state of the government, there is a constant question about states having more or less power compared to the federal government. There is a true power problem, one in which the Constitution tried to address when the founding fathers first created the document and established Federalism. Federalism is a system of government where power is divided geographically between national government and sub-nations or states (The Constitution, 2013). Through the centuries, the power has swung in favor of the states and the federal government at different time and was dependent upon the situations presented to the nation. The ideal government model addresses all federal requirements outline in the Constitution and still allow the states and people to continue living with civil liberties. Checks and balances are established that hold the sovereignty of the nation together. This essay will highlight the current state of the government and answer the question, who has more power curre ntly? When the Constitution was first enacted, there were only 13 states. Today, there are 50 states, increasing the power states hold compared to 1787. But simply having more states and representatives than the federal government does not mean they have more power. The Constitution was written in favor of the federal government. When the Constitution was enacted, it actually took powers from the first states. There was a Supremacy Clause or â€Å"Law of the Land† laws, that dictated stipulations toShow MoreRelatedWith The Current Type Of Government, The States Could Not1062 Words   |  5 PagesWith the current type of government, the states could not form a community in order to deal with the issues in the new nation. Under the Article of Confederation, the American colonies acted as independent sovereign states. In order to pass a bill, there had to be a complete consensus. 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The Assad regime which has been in power since 1971 has seen recent civilian pro-democracy protests over lack of political freedom become violent which have been met with violence by government forces. (Adams, 2015) As explained by HobbessianRead MoreContributions Of The Pension System1278 Words   |  6 Pages A defined contribution (DC) scheme on the other hand is a pension plan whose value depends on an individual’s own contributions, those from his/her employer and the government; generally in the form of a tax relief. These contributions are reinvested in the stock market and upon retirement, the accumulated value of the fund is received and can be used to secure a pension income. A choice is usually made to either purchase an annuity (a product which offers a guaranteed income for life), used as

Zara Is A Spanish Store - 1625 Words

Zara is a Spanish store that deals in clothing and accessories. The store is one of Inditex fashion distribution retail store based in Artexo, Galicia and founded in 1975 (Harbott) by Amanico Ortega (Shankar). It is a flagship chain store and the world’s largest apparel retailer. The first Zara store dealt in low priced attractive higher-end fashion clothing that looked alike. It was a success and the founder, Ortega, started opening more stores across Spain. In the 1980’s he began changing the process of design, manufacturing and distribution to reduce the times of lead and counter new trends in a faster manner. The evolution of Zara stores reflects the changing culture of modern man where speed, customer relations, quality, and feedback†¦show more content†¦The strategy implies that about 50 percent of Zara’s clothes are designed and produced in the mid of the season. Besides, if fashion needs change, Zara reacts instantly and produce new trends and st ock them in its stores as the trend is still peaking (Kellner). In the recent past, many people have embraced digitization. Even cultures have changed to digitization as seen in the process of making orders and receiving the clothes. People are so engrossed in the â€Å"fast food† culture such that patience is no longer a virtue but a downfall to businesses. Zara has embraced digitization such that an idea is transformed even within the shortest time, and delivered to clients. Kellner points out the fact that Zara has an outstanding turnaround time where a designer conceives an idea and within two weeks, the idea is turned into a cloth and available in the stores. It focuses and deals with current trends and fashions but not in future styles (Shankar et al.). Zara stores reflect the shopping culture that modern man wants-everything under one roof. People no longer have time to move around. People are impatient and focused on using little time to shop and more time on work. They want to access everything at one point for all their family needs. The products stocked at Zara include men, women, and young people and kids collections (Kellner). They include accessories,

Oliver Twist Name Etymology Essay Example For Students

Oliver Twist: Name Etymology Essay Oliver Twist is a poor orphan boy cruelly treated in the public workhouse. Pennyless and hungry, he runs away to London, only to fall into the clutches of a gang of thieves and pickpockets led by the master criminal, Fagin. Befriended by a man robbed by the gang, Oliver ultimately learns his true identity and gains a new home, a fortune and a brand new family! Name Analogies: Oliver: Norman French form of a Germanic name, possibly the name Alfihar meaning elf army. The spelling was altered by association with Latin oliva olive tree. The olive tree also symbolises longevity and hope, and the olive tree is renowned eternal. It is also a symbol of peace and reconciliation, the branch of the olive tree is chosen by God to mean to Noà Ã‚ ¹ (Noah) that the Flood is finished and that the diminution begins, symbol of the forgiveness. Also symbolising of victory, the olive tree is a present loaded with a gratifying meaning during the Olympic Games in Athens. Crown of olive tree and jars of olive oil are so offered to the winners. A symbol of force, the olive tree is renowned for its very compact, very heavy and very hard wood. It is wooden of olive tree that are made Herculess bludgeons and it is with the wooden picket of olive tree that Ulysses brings down Cyclops in the Odyssey. I think this name suits Oliver very well as his name, derived from the olive tree. It symbolizes peace and reconciliation as Oliver duly shows in the book. As Oliver has almost never shown any violence in the book except for the time he beat up Noah Claypole, the undertakers apprentice, because he insulted Olivers parents. It also symbolizes victory, and as Oliver always succeeds in the end. (At escaping the Sowerberrys undertaking company, returning to Mr. Brownlow, and many more.) Oliver also means force, as olive wood is hard and sturdy, and is portrayed so as in many Greek legends, olive was the wood used in making the heroes weapons. Bumble: self-important petty official, fussy, pompous, stupid beadle. I think the name suits Bumble, the orphanage caretaker, well, isnt he a self-important petty official, fussy, pompous, stupid beadle? The explanation of the name sums it all up. Fagin: People with this name tend to initiate events, to be leaders rather than followers, with powerful personalities. They tend to be focused on specific goals, experience a wealth of creative new ideas, and have the ability to implement these ideas with efficiency and determination. They tend to be courageous and sometimes aggressive. As unique, creative individuals, they tend to resent authority, and are sometimes stubborn, proud, and impatient. True to his name, Fagin is the leader of the gang of teenage robbers, thieves and pickpockets. Also, he experiences a wealth of creative new ideas. He also implements his ideas with efficiency and determination. Of course, as you see, he is using his ideas in a bad way. He is aggressive as the name describes. Stealing and to teach how to steal is of course resenting authority, and he is stubborn proud and impatient. This name is perfect for him. Conclusion: Charles Dickens is a good author that chooses suitable names. In my opinion, having a name etymology done before a story can help give you inspiration as you will try to portray a characters character. Anyway; have a look at the following research I did while having dinner (I was eating and typing at the same time. Multi-tasking. LOL!*ego*) Charles Dickens: Charles: From the Germanic name Karl, which was derived from a Germanic word which meant man. The most noteworthy bearer of this name was Charles the Great, commonly known as Charlemagne, a king of the Franks who came to rule over most of Europe. Several Holy Roman Emperors bore this name, as well as kings of England, France, Spain, Portugal, Sweden and Hungary. .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca , .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .postImageUrl , .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca , .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:hover , .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:visited , .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:active { border:0!important; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:active , .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a0dc4555a18ebaa8745bc481f7ccdca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: African American Writers EssayDickens: Variant of Dick. Dick: From the given name Dick, which is a medieval short form of Richard. Richard: Means brave power, derived from the Germanic elements ric power, rule and hard brave, hardy. The Normans introduced this name to Britain. It was borne by three kings of England including Richard the Lionheart, leader of the Third Crusade in the 12th century.